先秦儒家“中庸”说述评——以孔子、子思为中心的考察

A Review of "The Means" Theory of Confucian in Pre-qin Dynasty——Some Investigations around Confucius and Zisi

"中庸"说是先秦儒家学说中的重要内容,但对其起源及含义诸问题,学界尚难达成共识。首先,我们认为清华简《保训》即是"中庸"的源头。其次,孔子"中庸"说蕴藏两层含义,即肯定事物的变化超过一定的限度就要转向它的反面;要求保持这个事物的变化限度,以免转向它的反面。再次,子思之"中庸"说直接承袭孔子,但又有一定的发展,可以说是对孔子的某种超越。

Fist of all, we traced to the source of ＂The Means＂ and concluaea mat Bao .Aun m bamboo slips is the origin of it. Secondly, we discovered two meanings of ＂The Means＂ theory after our investigations and discussions on it, including something will turn to the other side if the change of it is beyond its limit, and it is necessary to maintain this limit in order not to turn to the other side of it. Lastly, we found that ＂The Means＂ theory not only inherited but also developed from Confucius after our carding on ＂The Means＂ Theory of ZiSi, we can tell this is the transcend of Confucius in some degree.