从平等到失衡:达赖、班禅关系与国民政府治藏政策研究(1927——1933)

China's Policy towards the Management of Tibet and the Relationship between Dalai Lama and Tashi Lama(Panchen Erdeni) from 1927 to 1933

达赖喇嘛、班禅额尔德尼是藏传佛教格鲁派的两大活佛,两大系统的关系对近代西藏政局乃至中国的边疆形势都产生了重要影响。1927——1933年,国民政府在南京成立,又完成形式上的全国统一,但国内战乱未息,而日本帝国主义发动的侵华战争不断升级,英国仍利用"西藏问题"干涉中国内政。在这种形势下,国民政府采取一系列措施恢复及强化与达赖、班禅两大系统的政治联系,努力协调两系统的关系,以加强对西藏地区事务的管理、维护领土主权和国家统一。针对达赖、班禅两大系统关系,国民政府采取了哪些政策、措施,又是如何演变的?这些政策的效果如何,有何影响?本文拟在已有成果基础上,主要依据已公布的国民政府档案,结合相关文献,对这些问题进行系统的探讨。

Both Dalai Lama and Tashi Lama （Panchen Erdeni） are two living Buddhas of Tibet- an Buddhism, and the relationship between the two systems exerted great influence on the early modern Tibetan political situation and China＇s borderland, especially from 1927 to 1933. During this period, the National Government which was established in Nanjing in 1927 and replaced the Beijing Government became the Central Government of the unified China. However, there were still civil wars in China plus the invasion of China by Japanese imperialism and Britain＇s interfer- ence in the internal affairs of China under the pretence of ＂Tibet issue＂. Thus, the relations be- tween Tibetan local powers and the Central Government also became crucial. In order to stabi- lize the southwest frontier region of China and maintain national unity, the National Government adopted a series of measures to improve and reinforce its relationship with the 13th Dalai Lama and the 9th Tashi Lama in order to strengthen the management of Tibetan affairs. Based on the previous research findings and files of the National Government, this paper discusses the rela- tionship between Dalai Lama and Tashi Lama, the policies and measures taken by the National Government as well as the results.