清代前期矿产开发中的边疆战略与矿业布局——以铜铅矿为例

Borderland Strategy and Layout and Development of Mineral Industry in the Early Qing Dynasty: A Case Study of the Exploitation of Copper and Lead Mines

清代前期矿业政策在开与禁之间几经调整,但矿产开发的区域性一直存在,滇、黔、川、湘、桂、粤等矿产大省均于矿政开禁之前获准开矿,绝大部分位于边疆地区。这种矿业格局的形成,除了受制于矿产资源分布和采冶技术之外,国家"开边禁内"思想成为矿业开发的政策导向,笔者称之为边疆战略,亦左右着清代的矿业格局,而这种矿业布局对清代矿业发展和边疆社会产生了重要的影响。

The policies towards mineral exploitation in the early Qing dynasty were not stable but the exploitation of minerals remained a fact in the borderlands in Yunnan, Guizhou, Si- chuan, Hunan, Guangxi and Guangdong provinces. Such layout was under the influence of min- eral distribution and technology and was guided by the policy of ＂mineral development in the borderlands rather than in the interior＂. This borderland strategy not only dominated the mineral development in the Qing dynasty but also exerted much influence on the social development of the borderlands.