广州市院前急救患者流行病学调查分析

Pre-hospital first aid in Guangzhou:an epidemiological analysis

目的:分析广州市中心城区院前急救患者的流行病学特征。方法:分析2010年广州市急救医疗指挥中心系统数据库中广州市中心城区所有院前急救患者的资料,观察急救出车的时间分布情况,患者性别、年龄、疾病谱和死亡原因等。结果:2010年,1、7、8、9月份是出车急救的高峰,9:00～10:00和20:00～23:00是出车的高峰时段;广州市中心城区院前急救患者110 652例;男女比例为1.51:1;70岁以上(23.14%)、31～40岁(14.93%)、21～30岁(19.83%)患者所占比例较高;前5位疾病依次为创伤类(34.79%)、神经系统急症(21.79%)、循环系统急症(8.92%)、常见急性中毒(7.28%)、呼吸系统急症(6.90%)。结论:提高创伤院前急救的技术水平,建立绿色通道;对有猝死高危因素的患者启动快速现场急救反应,是提高生存率的关键;根据呼叫出车密度和疾病谱,科学合理地安排院前急救工作。

Objective ：To determine the epidemiological characteristics of patients who received pre-hospital first aid in Guangzhou. Methods： We analyzed the profiles of patients who received pre-hospital first aid in central districts of Guangzhou in 2010, including gender, age, disease spectrum, the cause of death and time of departure for ambulance cars, from Guangzhou Emergency Medical Center. Results： A peak departure rate was recorded in January, July, August and September in 2010, with the rush hours of between 9：00 and 10：00 and between 20：00 and 22：00. Of 110 652 patients who received pre-hospital first aid, the male to female ratio of 1.51：1 was reported. Patients aged 20-30 years （19. 83%）, 31-40 years （14. 93%） and 〉 70 years （23.14%） were the predominant population. The major causes of emergency were trauma （34. 79% ）, emergence of nervous system （21.79%） , cardiovascular emergency （8.92%）, common intoxication （7.28%） and respiratory system emergency （ 6.90% ） , respectively. Conclusions ： There is an urgent call for improving the professional skills of pre-hospital first aid and establishing an easy access. It is critical to improve the survival rate via initiation of rapid scenario emergency in those who are at risk of sudden death. Pre-hospital emergency should be scientifically and reasonably managed based on the frequency of emergency calls and disease spectrum.