核爆放射性核素的分凝研究

Research on Fractionation of Radionuclides in Nuclear Explosions

为了研究核爆粒子中放射性核素分凝的影响因素和规律,基于Freiling的半经验分凝模型和放射性衰变链的Bateman公式构建核爆粒子放射性活度分布的计算模型。计算了给定载体物质和粒子尺度分布条件下的粒子放射性活度分布,结果表明挥发性核素呈面分布特征,难熔性核素呈体分布特征。分析了粒子尺度、凝固温度和凝固时间对放射性活度分布的影响程度,结果表明粒子尺度分布和凝固温度的影响较大,粒子的放射性活度分布与爆炸当量、比高以及爆炸地点的地理条件密切相关。

Based on Freiling＇s fractionation model of radionuclide and Bateman equation of decay chain, model computing radioactivity distribution is constructed in order to study the factors influencing radionuclides fractionation and their regulations on particles of nuclear explosion. And the particle radioactivity distribution under the condition of given matrix material and particle size distribution is calculated. The results indicate that volatile radionuclide is surface distribution, refractory radionuclide is volume distribution. The effects of particle size, solidification temperature and solidification time on particle activity distribution are analyzed. It is considered that particle size and solidification temperature have a huge influence on the result, so particle radioactivity distribution is closely related to explosion equivalent, scale height and the geographical condition of explosion site