闽南话“死人”类程度副词分析

Analysis on Degree Adverbs of “Dead Man” in Minnan Dialect

程度副词是汉语量性表达的一种重要手段。在闽南话里有一类特殊的程度副词,如"死人、夭寿、棺材"等,它们原本是一些非常粗鲁的贬义词,而且表示的都是最不吉利的意思,但在口语中演变成了程度副词,表示极端的状态、极高的量,而贬义的感情色彩反而有所削弱。运用现代汉语副词的研究理论和方法,对闽南话"死人"类程度副词进行语义、句法、语用的整体性分析。首先分析这类程度副词的语义特征、语法功能和使用范围。第二,对比异同点,展开相近方言间的比较研究。最后对这类程度副词进行历时探讨,寻找其历史来源以及语法化过程。

Degree Adverbs is an important means of Chinese quantitative expression. In language, those words which con- tain ＂more than routine amount, to achieve a higher state＂ are all have the semantic basis of evolving into a high degree of Adverbs. In Minnan dialect, there is a special kind of degree adverbs, such as ＂死人、夭寿、棺材＂ and so on. Origi- nally, they were some extremely uncourteous derogatory terms, but as time pass by, they had evolved into degree adverbs to express supreme conditions in spoken language. Meanwhile, the derogatory emotional had been weakened. Based on study theories and methods of adverbs in modem Chinese, this paper aimed at integrity analysis on ＂死人＂ category of degree adverbs in Minnan Dialect from syntactic, semantic and pragmatic. Firstly, we analyzed the object of these adverbs on emotional, grammatical attribute, and the nature of them when present with other adverbs. Secondly, we contrasted the similarities and differences and expanded comparative study between similar dialects. Finally, we studied this type of degree adverbs diachronically and tried to find its origin and the process of grammaticalization. Our research re- lated to dialectology and syntactics.