系统功能语言学情态系统再思考

Reflections on Modality in Systemic Functional Grammar

在系统功能语法中,情态表达说话人对所说话语的可能性与必要性的判断。经常性把说话人的判断体现为时间上的不确定性,属于时间范畴,在功能语法中不应当视为情态类型。经常性可以作为评价的级差资源,从时间频率角度限定说话人的评价意义。在系统功能语法中,情态助动词和副词表达说话人的主观观点、态度,在语义上均具备主观性特征;句法上同属于小句的语气结构;两者在英语和汉语小句中连用的情况也很普遍,没有必要进行主观和客观取向的区分。

Within systemic functional grammar modality represents the speaker's judgment of the probabilities or the obligations involved in what he is saying.Usuality represents the speaker's judgment as temporal indeterminacy.It conveys information about time and thus should not be subsumed under types of modality.Expressions of usuality can be used as resources of graduation to quantify the speaker's evaluation as more or less frequent.There is no necessity of labeling modal auxiliaries as implicit subjective modality and modal adjuncts as implicit objective modality as they are both subjective and part of the structure of the Mood;moreover,they are often used in combination in clauses in English or Chinese.