广州市三～五星级酒店集中空调通风系统卫生状况调查

Investigation on sanitary conditions of central air ventilation system in 3～5 stars hotels of Guangzhou City

目的调查分析广州市三～五星级酒店集中空调通风系统卫生现状并提出改进意见。方法抽检广州市三～五星级酒店22家,检测空调送风管道内表面积尘量、细菌总数、真菌总数、β-溶血性链球菌;空调送风中可吸入颗粒物(PM10)、细菌总数、真菌总数、β-溶血性链球菌以及冷却水、冷凝水、沐浴热水检测嗜肺军团菌及血清分型。结果集中空调风管内表面的积尘量、细菌总数及β-溶血性链球菌的合格率均为100.00%,真菌总数的合格率为94.45%;送风中PM10、细菌总数、真菌总数的合格率分别为79.42%、72.55%、88.24%,β-溶血性链球菌的合格率为100.00%;冷却水、冷凝水、沐浴热水嗜肺军团菌的合格率分别为76.82%、98.51%、80.77%,三者合格率间差异有统计学意义(P=0.000),血清分型结果总体以LP1型最多。结论广州市三～五星级酒店的卫生状况逐年改善,但仍存在一定程度的污染,应注意日常通风及清洗消毒,相关部门加强监督监测。

Objective To investigate and analyze the sanitary condition of central air ventilation system in 3 - 5 stars hotels of Guangzhou and put forward to improvement suggestions. Method Selectively check 22 hotels in Guangzhou. Detect the dust, total number of bacterial and fungi, 13 - hemolytic streptococcus on the inner sur- face of air duct; the inhalable particles （PM10）, total number of bacterial and fungi, 13 - hemolytic strepto- coccus of supply air; the legionella pneumophila in cooling water, condensate water and hot shower water; and the serotypes. Rmlts The qualified rates of dust, bacterial number and 13 - hemolytic streptococcus on the inner surface of air duct of central air conditioning were all 100. 00%, and the qualified rate of fungi number was 94. 45%. The qualified rates of PM10, bacterial and fungi number of supply air were 79.42%, 72. 55% and 88.24%, respectively, and the qualified rate of 13 - hemolytic streptococcus was 100. 00%. The qualified rates of legionella pneumophila in cooling water, condensed water and hot shower wate were 76. 82%, 98.51% and 80. 77%, respectively. The differences among the three qualified rates had statistical signifi- cance （P = 0. 000） . The serotypes were mainly LP1 type. Conclusions The sanitary condition of 3 ~ 5 stars hotels in Guangzhou had been gradually improved, but there was still some degree of pollution. We should pay attention to the daily ventilation, cleaning and disinfection, and the relevant authorities should strengthen su- pervision and monitoring.