论戏曲脸谱的美学特征与创构依据

On Aesthetic Features and Constructive Bases of Facial Makeups in Chinese Opera

脸谱是中国戏曲独有的,在舞台演出中使用的化妆造型艺术。这种艺术形式有其富于个性的美学特征与创构依据。脸谱艺术所具有的装饰性、夸张性的形式美,表现性、概括性与性格化的传神美,象征性、寓意性的意蕴美,构成了其最基本的美学特征。脸谱美的创造与构建,有其丰富和切实的多重审美依据,择其要者言之:现实的社会生活作为创作根源(植根于生活),各种艺术的"技"与"艺"的元素作为生成依据(涵养于艺术),中华哲学美学之大"道"作为内在灵魂(升华于大道),这诸种因素的合力作用成为戏曲脸谱美创构与实现的最重要的原材料、武器库与主心骨。

Facial makeup is a makeup styling art used in performance on the stage peculiar to Chinese drama. This form of art has abundant individual aesthetic features and constructive bases. The art of facial makeup is aes- thetically characteristic of decorativeness, exaggerative formal beauty, expressiveness, conclusiveness, lifelike per- sonified beauty, symbolization and allegoric implicative beauty. The beauty of facial makeup bases its invention and construction on abundant and realistic multiple appreciation of beauty. Generally speaking, artistic innovation origi- nates from realistic social life, develops with varieties of artistic elements, and nurtures its soul in aesthetic of Chi- nese philosophy. All these factors work together to contribute the primary reservoir and resources of inventing, con- structing and realizing the aesthetic Construct of facial makeup in Chinese drama.