从技术批判到社会批判的转向——马尔库塞的资本主义制度生态学批判

Transition from Technological Criticism to Social Criticism——Marcuse's Ecological Criticism of Capitalist Institutions

马尔库塞认为资本主义制度和生态环境危机之间有着必然的联系以及人对自然的统治构成了人对人的统治的观点,表征了法兰克福学派与生态学马克思主义之间的源脉关系。同时,马尔库塞以批判科学技术的极权主义为切入点和着力点,从技术批判转向社会批判,为生态学马克思主义奠定了理论基础。但是,他对技术理性、科学理性同价值理性、艺术理性相统一的理想的描述,由于缺乏基于人的主体性的实践过程,从而具有明显的乌托邦色彩。

In terms of capitalist institutions, Marcuse states the relationship between science and technology and crisis in ecological environment, and especially the view that human rule over humans is derived from human rule over nature. His statements reveal the original relationship between the Frankfurt School and the ecological Marxism. Meanwhile, by energetically criticizing scientific and technological totalitarianism, he turns from techno- logical criticism to social criticism, laying a foundation for ecological Marxism. However, his description of unifica- tion between artificial and technological rationality and ideological and artistic rationality lacks a subject - based practical process, hence a prominent utopian character.