西南桦人工林有害生物调查研究

Pest and Disease Investigation of Betula alnoides in Guangxi

为了有效控制西南桦(Betula alnoides)人工林有害生物灾害,于2003～2011年采用线路调查法和标准样地法对百色市右江区、平果、田东、田林、隆林、凌云、靖西、天峨、凭祥、昭平、南宁和融水共12个县(市区)的西南桦人工林有害生物发生危害情况进行了调查。结果表明,西南桦人工林有害生物共有47种,其中病害6种、虫害35种、有害植物6种。按危害程度划分,危害严重6种、中等13种、轻微28种。按危害部位划分,枝干有害生物13种,叶部有害生物30种,根茎有害生物4种。种植西南桦的12个县(市、区)都有有害生物发生危害,其中,田林、天峨、靖西3个县发生危害比较严重。溃疡病、相思拟木蠹蛾、苹掌舟蛾、樟叶蜂、扁趾铁甲和桑寄生是主要的有害生物,而且全部为广西当地原有物种,可以采用营林的、生物的或化学的方法进行防治。目前,西南桦人工林没有发生重大生物灾害,但是,随着西南桦人工林面积的不继扩大,生物灾害问题应当引起重视。

in order to control the possible damage ot pest and disease to the plantation of Betuta aln oides , the plantations of Betula aln oides in 12 counties （Youjiang, Pingguo, Tiandong, Tianlin, Longlin, Linyun, Jinxi, TianE, Pingxiang, Zhaoping, Nanning and Rongshui） of Guangxi were investigated from 2003 to 2011, which was carried out along line way and standard unit forest land. The results showed that there were 47 species of pest and disease in the plantations of Betula alnoides ,including 6 species of diseases,35 species of insects and 6 species of plants. According to the damage classes,6 species belonged to serious damage, 13 medium damage and 28 light damage. According to the damage positions,13 species damaged trunks and branches, 30 species damaged leaves and 4 species damaged roots. The pest and disease were discovered in all 12 counties of Guangxi, of which the pest seriously damaged the plantation of Betula alnoides in Tianlin, TianE and Jinxi counties. The main damages came from Arbela bailbarana ,Phoma sp. ,Pharela flevescens, Mesonura rufonota ,Dactylispa latispina and Loranthu sparasitica. All the pest and disease discovered in the investigation are local species in Guangxi and can be controlled by silvicultural,biological or chemical measures. There have yet been found any pest disaster dangerous to the plantation of Betula alnoides in Guangxi. As the plantations of Betula alnoides are becoming more andmore in Guangxi,their pest and disease should be considered seriously.