母体二十二碳六烯酸对正常足月儿智能发育的影响

Effect of maternal docosahexaenoic acid on the intelligence development of normal term babies

目的 探讨母体二十二碳六烯酸 (DHA)对足月胎婴儿智能发育的影响。方法 用毛细管气相色谱法测定 2 32例正常孕妇于妊娠 (2 0± 2 )周、(32± 2 )周、足月静脉血及其新生儿脐血血清及产后 3～ 4天与 42天乳汁中的DHA水平 ,对其婴儿于生后 2～ 3天由专人进行新生儿 2 0项行为神经测定 (简称NBNA) ,于出生后 3～ 4个月采用中国儿童发展中心 (CDCC)制定的 0～ 3岁婴幼儿智能发育量表进行评价 ,得出精神和运动发育指数(MDI和PDI)。结果 母血DHA与孕周正相关。脐血DHA显著低于母血 ,但与足月母血、初乳DHA正相关。足月母血DHA与婴儿PDI正相关 ,与MDI有相关趋势 (r =0 139)。脐血DHA与婴儿MDI、PDI正相关。纯母乳喂养组MDI、PDI显著高于混合喂养组与人工喂养组。结论 母血、母乳DHA水平与胎婴儿大脑神经系统发育有密切关系。

Objective To investigate the effect of maternal docosahexaenoic acid(DHA) on the neurodevelopmental quotient of normal term babies.Methods DHA levels were measured from the serum of 232 normal pregnant women during (20±2) weeks,(32±2) weeks and full-term gestation,as well as from serum of neonatal cord blood,maternal breast milk of 4 and 42 days postpartum by capillary gas chromatography.20 items of neonatal behavioral neurological assessment(NBNA) were carried out in newborn infants of 2～3 days old by special personnel,and neurodevelopmental quotient evaluation according to Children's Development Center of China (CDCC) were carried out in babies of 3～4 months old to obtain the mental development index (MDI) and psycho-motor development index(PDI).Results (1)DHA of maternal blood had a positive correlation with gestational weeks.(2)DHA of cord blood was significantly lower than that of materal blood,and was positively correlated with that of full-term maternal blood and colostrum.(3)DHA of full-term maternal blood was positively correlated with that of infant's PDI,and had a tendency towards positive correlation with MDI(r=0 139).(4)DHA of cord blood was positively correlated with that of baby's MDI and PDI.(5)MDI and PDI of full breast-feeding group were significantly higher than that of mixed feeding and bottle feeding groups.Conclusion DHA levels of maternal blood and breast milk are closely related to the neurological development of the brain in both fetus and infants.