江南认知与中华认同——他者与北魏胡汉共识的形成

Jiangnan Cognition and Chinese Identity:"The Other" and the Formation of the Consensus between Hu and Han in the Northern Wei Dynasty

六朝江南文化的发展,对于同时期北方社会共识的形成起着十分重要的作用。在对江南的认知上,鲜卑贵族与北方汉族士大夫始终存在着差异,但北魏初期的认知差异是因胡汉文化异质引发的,孝文帝时期则是由南北文化不同评价造成的。北魏后期胡汉文化共识的形成正是基于孝文帝所创造的文化语境——以江南"华风"为北方社会的精神标尺。北方文化趋同于江南的结果,是北方社会中华意识的彰显。然而这种中华意识又是以超越江南、创造新的文化为指向,是开创隋唐盛世的观念先导。

This thesis examines the northern society's cognition towards the south and the impact of this cognition on the construction of its own culture in the formation of Jiangnan(regions south of the Yangtze River) culture in the Six Dynasties.In the northern society,there were differences in Jiangnan cognition between Xianbei ethnic noblemen and Han scholar-bureaucrats,namely,the different modes of understanding between heterogeneous cultures,and the different understandings of the roles of various kinds of local knowledge in a homogeneous culture.The consensus of the Hu and Han cultures in the late Northern Wei Dynasty was based on the cultural context created by Emperor Xiaowen,in which 'Chinese style' of Jiangnan was set up as the spiritual criterion in the northern society.As the result of the cultural assimilation into Jiangnan,Chinese awareness in the northern society became apparent.However,this kind of Chinese awareness was to create a new culture beyond the south,which laid a conceptual foundation for the coming of the flourishing Sui-Tang age.