青岛市儿童支气管哮喘合并变应性鼻炎问卷调查分析

CHILDREN WITH BRONCHIAL ASTHMA COMPLICATED WITH ALLERGIC RHINITIS IN QINGDAO: A QUESTIONNAIRE INVESTIGATION AND ANALYSIS

目的了解青岛市儿童支气管哮喘合并变应性鼻炎的情况及二者关系。方法随机抽取2010年5月—2011年10月在我院儿科门诊确诊的年龄≤14岁哮喘病儿372例,其中单纯哮喘232例(Ⅰ组),哮喘合并变应性鼻炎140例(Ⅱ组),选取非呼吸道疾病儿童372例作为对照组(Ⅲ组)。通过家长笔答问卷,调查病儿一般情况、伴发疾病、家族史、个人过敏史、治疗情况等。结果Ⅰ、Ⅱ组有家族及个人药物过敏史者明显多于Ⅲ组(χ2=47.11～149.73,P<0.05),Ⅱ组有皮肤过敏史者明显多于Ⅰ组(χ2=8.50,P<0.05)。哮喘合并变应性鼻炎病儿中有63例(45.0%)先发生变应性鼻炎,55例(39.3%)先发生支气管哮喘。72.1%的哮喘合并变应性鼻炎病儿接受了鼻炎治疗,以单用或联合使用抗组胺药物和使用鼻用糖皮质激素为主要治疗措施。结论支气管哮喘和变应性鼻炎是同一种疾病在不同部位的表现,两者有一定关联性,积极联合防治,可以提高治疗效果。

Objective To investigate the condition of children suffering from bronchial asthma complicated with allergic rhinitis in Qingdao and the relationship between the two conditions.Methods A random sampling of 372 asthma patients,aged ≤14 years old,confirmed in out-patient department of our hospital,from May 2010 to October 2011,were divided into simple asthma group（Group 1,232 cases）,bronchial asthma complicated with allergic rhinitis group（Group 2,140 cases）,and 372 children with non-respiratory tract diseases（Group 3） served as controls.A questionnaire was used to survey their parents on general condition,concomitant diseases history of allergy,and treatment.Results The history of allergy of individuals and family members were more recorded in groups 1 and 2 than in group 3（χ2=47.11-149.73,P〈0.05）.In group 2,the history of skin allergy was more than that in group 1（χ2=8.50,P〈0.05）.Of the patients with combined asthma and allergic rhinitis,63（45.0%） appeared as allergic rhinitis first,and 55（39.3%） as asthma first.Of the 372 patients,72.1% of them received treatment for rhinitis with antihistamine drugs alone or combined with antihistamine drugs and glucocorticoids.Conclusion Bronchial asthma or allergic rhinitis is actually the same disease that appears in different sites,there is a correlation between them.An active combined prevention and treatment may improve the therapeutic effect.