权利与义务的平衡——刑事诉讼中第三方的人权保障

The Balance of Rights and Obligations——The Guarantee of Human Rights of the Third Party in Criminal Proceedings

新修订的《刑事诉讼法》在出庭证人保护方面作出了较大修改,强调了证人出庭的法定义务,并规定了相应保护措施。然而有关证人权利的规定在司法实践中很难落实,证人的权利和义务明显处于失衡状态,对证人的保护更多的是出于有利于诉讼公正、及时进行的功利性考虑。应将对出庭证人的保护置于刑事诉讼中第三方人权保障的大框架下,通过调整诉讼过程中控辩双方的权利义务关系,有效整合社会力量,从加大法律惩罚力度、完善法律援助机制和问责机制等方面着手,平衡第三方的权利义务关系,建立"经济上有补偿,安全上有保障,心理上有抚慰"的第三方人权保障机制。

The newly-revised Criminal Procedure Law has made larger modification in witness protection, emphasizing the obligations of witness and providing corresponding measures of protection. However, the fights and obligations are clearly in an unbalanced state, because the fights of witness are very difficult to implement. The protection of witnesses is mainly for the justice of lawsuit, which is an utilitarian consideration. We should build a human rights protection mechanism of the third party which provides ＂economic compensation, personal safety and psychological comfort＂. In order to achieve this goal, we must adjust the relationship process between the rights and obligations of beth parties, such as integrating social forces, increasing legal penalties and perfecting the system of legal aid and accountability.