上海市轨道交通网络演化特征分析

Analysis on Evolvement Character of Shanghai Rail Traffic Network

交通网络的发展是一个复杂和动态的过程,轨道交通网络亦是如此。近年来,有关复杂网络的研究主要集中在根据网络的拓扑结构特征来划分网络类型,如随机网络、无标度网络和小世界网络。然而,与日常生活息息相关的交通网络,特别是城市轨道交通网络方面的研究较少。由于交通网络空间结构的特殊性,加入交通网络的需求和运行状况的考虑会更加符合实际。以上海轨道交通网络为对象,研究其从1993年第一条线路通车至2008年的网络发展变化。从拓扑、需求(各站点客流)和运行(各站点间运行时间)三方面分别选取指标描述轨道交通网络特征:用节点度、回路程度(circuitness)和树状程度(treeness)来表征网络拓扑结构性质;用邻近性(closeness)表征网络需求和运营性质,并分析这些指标随时间变化的规律。

The development of traffic network is a complex and dynamic process,so the rail traffic network is.In recent years,the relative study of complex network mainly focuses on the network types divided on the topological structure character of the network,i.e.random network,scale-free network and small-world network.However,the traffic network closely related to people's daily life,especially the urban rail traffic network is studied a few.The demand with the traffic network and the consideration of operation status will more satisfy the reality because of the particularity of the traffic network space structure.Taking the rail traffic network of Shanghai as the object,the article studies its development and variety from the first line open to traffic in 1993 to 2008.The article selects the indexes separately from three aspects of topology,demand(passenger volume of each station) and operation(operation time among the stations) to describe the character of rail traffic network,uses the node degree,circuitness and treeness to display the character of network topological structure,and uses the closeness to display the network demand and operation property,and analyzes the rules of these indexes with the variation of time.