嘉庆六年京畿特大水灾生态原因及历史教训探析

Ecological Reasons and Historical Lessons of Devastating Flood around Peking in 6th Year of Jiaqing's Reign,Qing Dynasty

嘉庆六年(1801)永定河决口,酿成五百年一遇的特大洪水。京畿直隶一带一百三十余个州县中,受灾地区达九十多个,堤防崩坍,房屋被毁,灾民流离失所,农作物减产绝收,给国家建设和人民生活带来重大损伤。此次灾害的原因既有17世纪全球整体气候变化所导致的极端天气,也有永定河特殊的地理情况,更有长期不当垦荒和滥砍滥伐所导致的严重的水土流失等原因。反思此次特大水灾的生态原因及历史教训,对于历史上整体大气候特别是极端气候的归纳分析,以及对今天的森林资源保护与正确开发等问题都具有重要的借鉴意义。

There was a devastating flood in Peking in 6th year of Jiaqing＇ s Reign in Qing Dynasty caused by the burst of Yongding River. The flood resulted in a tremendous impact, more than ninety districts around Peking were affected. Rooms were damaged, crops were decreased, many people had to leave their hometown. There are many reasons for this disaster,such as the global climate change in 17th century, the special geographical situation of Yongding River. The soil erosion caused by improper reclamation and deforestation accelerated the occurrence of the disaster. Reflecting the ecological and historical reasons of the flood can help us to research the extreme condition of global climate in history and to protect and develop forests properly.