拟象性理论与含时量补语的两种句型

Iconicity Theory and two Sentence Patterns which Contain Time Phrase as Complement

语言符号具有拟象性。汉语时量补语在谓宾结构中的位置形式有"V+O+时量补语(+了)"和"V(+了)+时量补语+O"两种,这是由于谓宾结构所表示的动作的性质有两种,一种是瞬时性动作,一种是持续性动作。性质为持续性动作的谓宾结构中若加入时量补语,其结构为"V(+了)+时量补语+O",即时量处在谓语动词和宾语之间,拟象于时量处在动作开始点和动作结束点之间;性质为瞬时性动作的谓宾结构中若加入时量补语,其结构形式为"V+O+时量补语(+了)",即时量处在整个谓宾之后,拟象于时量处在动作发生后。这两种结构形式的语法特点也有同有异。

Iconicity is one feature of nature language. There are two sentence patterns which contain time phrase as complement in Chinese. One is ＂V ＋ O ＋ time phrase （＋T）＂, and the another is ＂V （＋ 了）＋ time phrase ＋ O＂. In the first pattern, the V is sustainable action and time phrase is placed after predicate and object. In the second pattern, the V is non-sustainable action and time phrase is placed between predicate and object. We can interpret that difference with iconicity theory.