我国封建社会对待开国武将的问题探讨

Discussion on Treating the Founding Generals in the Feudal Society of China

开国武将是我国封建社会中具有特殊地位与作用的群体,由于他们在政权建立过程中立下赫赫军功,政权建立之后手握兵权,经常会成为威胁政权稳定发展的因素,历代开国统治者往往都会抑制其势力发展。在改朝换代过程中,一般会建立两种政权:农民政权与军功贵族政权。农民政权对待开国武将采取暴力的杀戮政策,军功贵族政权则采取安抚政策。两种政策的不同与政权性质的差异、统治者个人素养以及继承者的羸弱等因素都有密切的关系,同时对当时短期内政权的发展也产生了不同的影响。

The founding generals are the group which had the special position and function in the feudal society of China. Because they had played a great military role in the process of founding a regime and enjoyed the great military power, they became the factor to threaten the steady development of the regime, therefore the founding rulers often restrained their powers. In the process of dynasties substitution, two kinds of regimes were usually built,that is, farmers regime and military nobles regime. The former took violent measures to the founding generals, while the latter took soft policies to comfort them. The two different policies have close relationship with the differences of the nature of the regime, the personnel qualities of the rulers, the powerfulness of the inheritors, and so on. And at the same time, it also had a different effect on the development of the regime in the short term.