声速有限条件下的纯方位方法

Bearing-only Method Conditioned on Finite Sound Velocity

针对纯方位条件下对等速直航目标运动要素的观测问题,考虑声音在海水中传播时间的作用,建立了计算可观测目标方位的解析公式。基于平均声速为有限常数的假设,证明了即使观测站静止,运动要素也一般是可观测的。在观测误差为独立同分布零均值正态随机误差的假设条件下,证明了由方位观测误差的最小二乘法给出的估计为极大似然估计。仿真实验表明,观测站转向及直航机动条件下此方法对应的目标运动要素的观测度较传统方法有显著改进。

For researching observation of motion factor of target which has uniform course and velocity, considering effect of sound travel time in sea water, a analytic formula to compute observable target bearing is established. Basing on assumption that the average sound velocity is a fimite constant, it is proved that the target motion factor is generally observable although the observation station does not move. Under the Assumption that the bearing observation errors are independent identically distributed normal random errors with mean zero, it is proved that the estimator giving by least square of bearing observation error is maximum likelihood estimator. Emulational experiments indicate that this method improved notably degree of observability on classical method when observation station move in turning and straight.