“已经”的语用功能及句法表现

Pragmatic and Syntactic Functions of yijing(已经)

在现代汉语中,"已经"的语用功能是对事件的真实性进行确认,这种语用上的确认功能在句法上表现为:当不需要对事件的真实性进行确认时,不能用"已经",否则会造成句子的不合格;当需要对事件的真实性进行确认时,"已经"不能去掉,否则也会造成句子的不合格。从历时的角度看,"已经"确认功能的产生是跟句尾"了"在时体功能表达上相互竞争的结果。

In modern Chinese, mation of the truth of an event, tactical functions are concerned. competition between yijing and the pragmatic function of yijing （已经） finds expression in the confir-in other words, yijing cannot be used in other cases as far as its syn-Diachronically, the pragmatic function of yijing is the outcome of the le（了）in terms of aspect function.