我国湖沼地区荣宝杀灭血吸虫卵和尾蚴的现场应用研究

The study on application of Rongbao to perish Schistosoma ova and cercariae in lake region

目的探索利用50％氰氨化钙（商品名为荣宝）在洲滩易感地带杀灭血吸虫虫卵和尾蚴的简易方法，继而达到控制传染源的目的。方法收集含血吸虫虫卵的阳性的新鲜牛粪。在夏、秋、冬3个季节，分别按照每100g阳性牛粪加荣宝3g和5g的比例，在易感地带以搅拌、表面喷撒和粪内中置等3组方式施药，并设不施药阳性牛粪对照组，于不同时段分别取样，用塑料杯顶管孵化法检查毛蚴。用浓度为10g／m3的荣宝对血吸虫易感水体进行血吸虫尾蚴杀灭，在施药前及施药后不同时段用哨鼠测定血吸虫易感水体。结果夏季，搅拌组和表面喷撒组施药后第2天均未发现毛蚴，粪内中置组第3天未发现毛蚴；秋季，施药各组第2天取样均可发现毛蚴1～5条，第3天除粪内中置组仍然发现毛蚴1～5条外，其余施药各组未发现毛蚴；冬季，施药各组第3天取样孵化，除搅拌组外均可发现毛蚴2—3条，第7天抽样孵化未发现毛蚴；夏、秋、冬3季对照组第7天仍然有6～10条毛蚴。用荣宝处置血吸虫易感水体，处置前哨鼠血吸虫感染率为11．11％，处置后第1、15和30天，经解剖检查，哨鼠均为阴性，亦未发现死鱼。结论3组施药方式在易感地带均具有杀灭血吸虫虫卵的作用。其中，以每100g牛粪加3g荣宝的比例，采取表面喷撒的方法适宜现场应用，夏季效果更佳。采用荣宝10g／m3的比例喷洒于现场血吸虫易感水体，可有效杀灭血吸虫尾蚴。2种方法同时使用，可达到净化血吸虫易感地带的目的。

Objective To explore a rapid and easy measure of perishing Schistosoma ova and cercariae by 50% calcium cyanamide （commercial name Rongbao） at hot spots in Lake Regions, so as to meet the purpose of infection sources control. Methods The fresh positive cattle excrement containing schistosoma ova was collected for experientment. In summer, autumn and winter, cattle excrement was applied by the measures of stiring （ SG）, surface spraying （SSG） and middle-inside depositing （MDG） with the proportion at 3 g and./ or 5 g of Rongbao per 100 g of cattle excrement at hot spots, the control group （CG） was cattle excrement with schistosoma ova without application. After applying Rongbao, the excrement was collected at different times and miracidia were examined by hatching method. For perishing Schistosoma cercaria in infectious water, the proportion of 10 g/m3 Rongbao were sprayed. The sentinel mice surveillance was implemented for infectious water detection before and after spraying. Results In summer, miracidia were not existed after 2 d in SG and SSG, and it was not existed after 3 d in MDG. In autumn, 1-5 miracidia were existed after 2 d among 3 groups, and there were no miracidia in SG and SSG after 3 d, except 1-5 micacidia in MDG. In winter, 2-3 miracidia were existed after 3 d except SG, no miracidia after 7 d in 3 groups. However, 6-10 miracidia were existed in the control group after 7 d in summer, autumn and winter. As to the treatment of infectious water by Rongbao, the infection rate of sentinel mice was 11.11% before treatment, while there were no infection at 1 d, 15 d and 30 d after treatment examined by dissection, meanwhile, died fishes were not founded. Conclusion The 3 kinds of measures all have perishing effect on Schistosoma ova. According to the result for the field use, the suitable proportion and method are 3 g Rongbao per 100 g cattle excrement by SSG in summer. Schistosoma cercaria were perished by spraying Rongbao at the proportion of 10 g/m3 into infectious water. Above of all, the infection source of Schistosoma will be perished when SSG and infectious water spray are implemented at hot spots.