三亚珊瑚变化趋势及原因分析

Variation tendency and analysis of cause of coral in Sanya

2006至2009年采用断面监测法对三亚蜈支洲、亚龙湾、大东海、鹿回头和西岛这5个区域的珊瑚进行了调查。结果显示:大东海、西岛、亚龙湾活珊瑚覆盖率呈现逐渐下降趋势,死珊瑚覆盖率则逐渐升高。鹿回头活珊瑚覆盖率处于较低水平,团块状珊瑚优势度高于枝状珊瑚,群落结构已经发生较大变化。分析表明长期的人类活动包括海洋工程、生活污水排放、旅游活动造成了这些区域的珊瑚退化,但这些区域新生珊瑚的补充量相对较高,说明珊瑚生长的自然环境基本没有改变。只要控制人类活动的影响,这些区域的珊瑚还具有恢复的可能性。蜈支洲活珊瑚覆盖率保持在较高水平,死珊瑚覆盖率较低,珊瑚补充量较高,分枝状珊瑚的优势度高,珊瑚群落结构相对稳定,这说明在保护的前提下开展可持续利用的生态旅游活动可以促进珊瑚礁的保护。

The survey was carried out for the monitoring coral in five different regions Centipede Island, Yalong Bay, the East China Sea, Luhaitou and West Island belong to Sanya from 2006 to 2009. The results showed that in the East China Sea, West Island and Yalong Bay, the coverage rates of the live coral were in a gradual downward trend, and the dead coral were increased gradually. In Luhuitou, the coverage of the live coral was at a relatively low level and the dominance of the agglomerate coral was higher than branched coral. Besides, the community structure has undergone significant changes. All of these showed the long-term human activi- ties, including marine engineering, sewage discharge, tourism, resulted in degradation of the coral in these areas. However, the new coral recruitment was relatively high, which showed the basic natural environment for the coral growth has not changed. As long as the control of human activities was effective, the coral in these areas also there was a possibility of recovery. In Centipede Island, there were high coverage of the live coral, low coverage of dead coral, high coral of recruitment, high dominance of branched coral, and the coral community structure was relatively stable. It showed that the eco-tourism is sustainable and could promote the coral reef protec- tion in the premise of protection.