真实环境条件下溢油风化规律

Weathered regulation of oil spilled in actual environment

在2010年7月16日大连输油管道爆炸事故发生后,分别于事故油罐、溢油发生后1 d、5 d、9 d的海面厚油膜区域以及溢油事故发生后15 d、23 d、210 d的岸滩石油重污染区域采集原始油样及溢油样品。采用气相色谱质谱联用(GC-MS)对样品中的生物标志物进行了检测,对常规生物标志物特征比值的变化趋势进行分析。结果表明:在为期9 d的海面溢油风化过程中nCl7/Pr、nC18/Ph、Pr/Ph、奥利烷/藿烷、C2-D/C2-P、C3-D/C3-P和ΣP/ΣD受风化影响较大(相对标准偏差值均在10%～20%范围内);在为期210 d的岸滩溢油风化过程中C17/Pr和nC18/Ph受风化影响最大(相对标准偏差值均大于50%),奥利烷/藿烷、C2-D/C2-P、C3-D/C3-P、ΣP/ΣD和2-MP/1-MP受风化影响较大(相对标准偏差值均在10%～30%范围内);Pr/Ph在不同环境介质中的风化过程存在显著差异。

The crude and oil spilled samples were collected from the oilcan, the thick film regions after the oil spill occurred on 2010 Jul. 16th 1 day, 5 days and 9 days and the heavy oil contaminated area of beach after the oil spill occurred for 15 days, 23 days and 210 days. The trends of the ratios of the weathered oils, and biomarkers were analyzed by GC-MS. The results showed that nC17/Pr, nC18/Ph, Pr/Ph, 18α（H）-oleanane/17α（H） ,21β（H）-hopane, C2-D/C2-P, C3-D/C3-P and ΣP/ΣD in the weathered oils at the sea were influenced signally for 9 days-weathering process, nC17/Pr and nC18/Ph in the weathered oils on the beach were influenced much more signally for 210 days-weathering process, and the 18a（H） -oleanane/17a（H） ,21β（H） -hopane, C2-D/C2-P, C3-D/C3- P, ΣP/ΣD and 2-MP/1-MP were influenced signally for 210 days-weathering process. The weathering processes of Pr/Ph in different environment were significant differences.