种植方式与磷肥施用量对油菜—玉米轮作体系作物产量的影响

Effects of Cropping Patterns and P Fertilizing Amount on Crop Yields of Rape-maize Rotation System

为了解南方丘陵区油菜—玉米轮作体系中磷肥施用与作物产量的关系,通过田间试验研究了不同施磷量及不同种植方式对油菜—玉米轮作体系作物产量及磷素流失的影响。结果表明:施磷对玉米和油菜有显著的增产作用,玉米增产幅度为18.46%～87.50%,优化施磷处理及常规施磷处理玉米产量与不施磷处理比较,达到极显著水平;施磷处理的油菜产量比对照增产32.0%以上,其中,优化施磷处理增产高于常规施磷处理;CK处理在两季作物上产量变异系数均为最大,稳产性最差,OPT(优化施肥+横坡垄作+秸秆覆盖)和OPTP(优化施肥+横坡垄作+秸秆覆盖+等高植物篱)处理油菜产量稳定性最好,OPTP处理玉米产量稳定性最好。

In order to understand the relationships between P fertilizer and crop yields in the rape-maize rotation system in southern hilly areas, the field trials were used to find out the effects of cropping patterns and P fertilizing amount on the crop yields of rape-maize rotation system and P loss. The results showed that P fertilizer increased the production of maize and rape significantly, and the yield of maize was increased by 18.46%-87.50%. The yield of maize applied with P fertilizer was very significantly higher than CK. The yield of rape applied with P fertilizer was increased by more than 32.0% compared with CK, and the yield increment of the optimized fertilization treatment was higher than the normal one. The coefficient of variation of the production of CK in the two season-crop could be the highest, which meant the stability of the production was the worst. The yields~ stability of rape treated by OPT （optimized fertilization＋ridge planting＋ straw mulching） and OPTP （optimized fertilization＋ridge planting＋ Straw mulching＋ Contour hedgerow） were the best, while the yields＇ stability of maize treated by OPTP was the best.