贵州仙人洞土壤和水体中重金属含量及裸灶螽对重金属的富集

Content of Heavy Metals in Soils and Water from Xianren Cave in Guizhou and Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Diestrammena

为了解喀斯特洞穴重金属污染的状况,对仙人洞内裸灶螽、洞穴土壤和水体中重金属含量及裸灶螽对洞穴土壤和水体重金属的富集系数进行了研究。结果表明:在裸灶螽体内、土壤和水体中重金属含量最高的都是Zn,其平均含量分别为173.00mg/kg、215.33mg/kg和0.010mg/kg;最低的都是Hg,平均含量分别为0.18mg/kg、0.28mg/kg和0.000 30mg/kg。裸灶螽对土壤重金属Cu的平均富集系数大于1,其余元素未达到1;对水中重金属Cu、Zn、Ni和Cr的平均富集系数都大于1000。裸灶螽对土壤和水体重金属的富集系数与部分环境因子的相关性分析结果表明,对土壤As与Ca显著正相关(r=0.997),对水体Cr与pH极显著负相关(r=-1.000),说明,在本洞内影响裸灶螽对重金属富集的环境因子主要是Ca和pH。仙人洞属轻污染,平均综合污染指数为1.73。

The contents of heavy metals in Diestrarnmena, soil and water from Xianren Cave and enrichment coefficient for soil-born and water-born heavy metals in Diestrammena were studied to know the pollution situation of karst cave by heavy metal. The results showed that Zinc contents in Diestrammena, soil and water were 173. 0 mg/kg, 215. 33 mg/kg and 0. 010 mg/kg respectively, the highest among all theses metals studied, Hg contents in them were 0. 18 mg/kg, 0, 28 mg/kg, and 0. 000 30 mg/kg respectively, which was the lowest. The average enrichment coefficient for soil-born Cu in Diestrarnmena was higher than one, for other heavy metals were all lower than one. The average enrichment coefficient for water-born Cu, Zn, Ni and Cr in Diestrammena was higher than 1 000. The results from the analysis of the correlations between the enrichment coefficients of soil-born and water- born heavy metals and cave environmental factors showed that enrichment coefficient of the soil-born As had significant positive correlation with Ca（r= 0. 997）. The enrichment coefficient of the water-born Cr had significant negative correlation with pH （r=-1. 00 0）. It meant that Ca and pH were the environmental factors effecting enrichment ability of Diestrammena. The status of heavy metal contamination in Xianren Cave was a light pollution, and the average pollution index was 1.73.