诱食剂在水产养殖中的应用研究进展

Research Progress of Application of Attractant in Aquaculture

诱食剂属非营养性饲料添加剂,具有改善饲料适口性,增强动物食欲,促进水产动物对饲料的消化吸收及其生长,提高饲料转化率,减轻水质污染和降低成本的作用。为了解诱食剂的种类和在水产养殖中的科学应用提供参考依据,对诱食剂氨基酸及其混合物、甜菜碱、含硫有机物、动植物及其提取物、中草药和核苷酸在水产养殖中的应用效果进行了综述。对不同水产动物开发出专用的和不同发育阶段的诱食剂并确定出最适添加量,筛选出诱食剂最佳配伍组合、配伍量及其彼此间的效应作用机理研究等方面提出了今后研究的方向。

Attractant, a non-nutritional and feed additive, could improve the palatability of the feeds, enhance the animal appetite, promote the animal intake, feeding speed and growth, promote the aquatic animals to feed digestion absorption, Moreover, attractant had the ability of not only improving the feed conversion rate, but also reducing water pollution and the cost of action. To provide a reference basis for the science applications and understand the type of attractant in aquaculture, on one hand, the author reviewed attractant amino acids and their mixture, betaine, organic sulfur, the extracts of plants and animals, Chinese herbal medicine and nucleotides in aquaculture application effect in this paper. On the other hand, the best attractant compatibility combination, the quantity and the mechanism of the compatibility of each other was proposed as the research direction of the future according to different aquatic animals from special attractant determined the appropriate adding amount and developing a suitability for different development stages of the same animal attractant.