批判与再筑:公私二元性别规范的省思——以兰西·弗雷泽公共领域观为视角

Critique and Re-building:Reflections on the Public-Private Duality of Gender Norms——From the Perspective of the Public Domain Concept of Lancey Fraser

公共领域和私人领域的二元划分,作为哈贝马斯的理想图景,发挥其重要的理论建构作用,在学界引起广泛影响,同时也引起了持久的争论,并且受到多方的质疑和挑战。其中,女性主义对公共领域概念进行了颠覆性的改造。女性主义对此问题的关注,主要集中在女性与社会关系、女性的社会地位等方面,以社会性别的分析视角反思单一的总括性公共领域构想,女性作为弱势群体的作用长期被忽略了。公共领域既是形成话语意见的场所,也是形成社会身份的场所。由于在历史发展过程中,女性始终处于一种无语的状态,女性的话题一直被遮蔽在权力关系之外,即使自由主义时期,家务劳动的价值没有得到确认和展开。性别偏置的问题没有得到根本性改观,基于公共领域意志所形成的性别规范和性别制度必然呈现男权主义的特征。因此,公私二元的理论修正,对于性别平等这一价值和原则而言,是重要的理论支点。

The dual division of public and private spheres, as Habermas＇s ideal picture, played an important role in the theoretical construction and caused widespread impacts in the academic community and a long debate, which were questioned and challenged by the parties. Among them, the concept of feminism car- ried out disruptive transformation to the concept of the public domain. Attention of feminism focuses mainly on women and social relations and women＇s social status. Reflecting on a single, overarching public sphere concept by gender analysis perspective we find the role of women as vulnerable groups have long been ignored. The public sphere is not only the place to form the words and views, but also the place to form the social identity. In the course of historical development women are always in a state of loss of speech, and the topic of women has been obscured in power relations~ even if in the liberal period, the val- ue of household labor had not been confirmed. As the issue of gender bias has not been fundamentally changed, the formation of gender norms and gender systems, which were based on the will of the public domain, inevitably presents the characteristics of male chauvinism. Therefore, the correction of public-pri- vate binary theory is an important theoretical supporting point to the values and principles of gender equali- ty.