高空飞艇地面温度观测实验研究

Temperature Observation Experiment of High Altitude Airship on the Ground

热分析模型是高空飞艇飞行控制模型的重要组成部分。为了构建正确的热分析模型,开展了高空实验艇地面温度观测实验。实验在地面进行,实验艇水平停放在外场实验场地上。实验中,在囊体外表面和内部气室内安装温度测试系统,用以观测飞艇在不同热环境条件下表面温度和内部气体温度在空间和时间上的分布规律。实验结果表明:①太阳辐射具有明显的方向性,囊体上表面不同几何位置上所接收到的太阳辐射通量受太阳高度角的影响较大,而受太阳方位角的影响较小;②地面长波辐射具有明显的漫射特性,囊体下表面对地面长波辐射的吸收几乎不受实验艇方向角和仰角变化的影响;③囊体表面和不纯净的氦气对太阳短波辐射的吸收比对地面长波辐射的吸收更强烈,从而在飞艇内部空间形成明显的径向温度梯度;④空气室的充放气过程对囊体表面温度和内部气体温度均产生显著的影响,充气过程会引起温度的上升,放气过程会引起温度的下降。

Thermal analysis model is the important part of the flight control model of high altitude airship. To construct the thermal analysis model correctly, a temperature observation experiment of high altitude airship is performed on the ground. The temperature measurement system is installed on the exterior and interior of the ballonet to observe and measure the temperature distribution and change law. Experiment data indicate that：① solar radiation has distinct direction property, so that solar radiation flux from different geometric location on the up-surface of ballonet is influenced by the solar elevation obviously, and is influenced by solar azimuth less, ②long wave radiation of ground has distinct diffusion property, so that the radiation flux absorbed from ground on the down-surface of the ballonet is influenced by the azimuth angle and elevation of airship scarcely,③solar radiation flux absorbed by the film and impure helium gas is more than those of ground long wave radi- ation, so that it brings out the radial temperature grads in the ballonet obviously, ④ inflation and deflation process distinctly change the temperature of the film and gas, inflating process results in the ascent and defla- tion process results in the descent.