母亲孕期抑郁情绪对儿童早期气质影响的研究

Effects of mothers' depression during pregnancy on early childhood temperament

【目的】探讨母亲孕期抑郁情绪对儿童早期气质的影响,为完善孕期保健服务项目提供理论依据。【方法】采用自评抑郁量表(Self-rating Depression Scale,SDS)对孕妇在孕32～34周时进行测试,采用中国4～8月婴儿气质量表(Chinese Infant Temperament Scale,CITS)以及自制的婴儿基本情况调查表,对孕妇所生的婴儿在6个月时进行气质评定和基本情况调查。按照母亲孕期是否存在抑郁情绪及程度将婴儿分组,比较不同组别婴儿在气质类型和气质维度方面的差异。【结果】母亲孕期有抑郁情绪组的婴儿中,麻烦型和发动缓慢型的比例明显偏高,且抑郁情绪程度越重比例越高(χ2=13.99、21.36,P均<0.01),而无抑郁情绪组的婴儿中平易型的比例偏高(χ2=11.89,P<0.01)。母亲孕期抑郁情绪对婴儿气质因子中的活动水平、趋避性、适应性、反应强度、心境和注意分散度的得分有影响,且与抑郁程度有关(P<0.01或<0.05)。【结论】母亲孕期抑郁情绪对儿童早期的气质类型和气质维度产生负面影响。

[Objective] To explore the effects of mothers＇depression during pregnancy on early childhood temperament. [Methods] By using Self-Rating Depression Scale（SDS）,expectant mothers at their 32-34 weeks of pregnancy were surveyed,by using Chinese Infant Temperament Scale（CITS） ,and a self-made questionnaire of basic condition for infants,the expectant mothers＇ infants at their 6 months were surveyed. [Results] The ratios of difficult type and slow-towarm type of temperament were found more in the infants of depressive mothers during pregnancy,and the higher ratio of the heavier degree of depression（χ2 = 13.99,21.36, P〈0.01）. The ratio of easy type of temperament was found more in the infants of mothers without depression during pregnancy（χ2 = 1l. 89, P〈0.01）. Depressed mood in expectant mothers was also related to the scores of activity level, approach-withdrawal, adaptability, intencity of reaction, mood and attention dispersity in their infants＇ temperament（P〈0.01 or d0.05）. [Conclusion] It seems that there are negative effects between mother＇ depression during pregnancy and infant temperament type and temperament dimension.