基于矿物特性的太阳能储热材料研究进展

Progress on Solar Thermal Energy Storage Materials Based on Mineral Characters

相变材料因其优越潜热被广泛应用于太阳能光热技术中,绝大多数有机相变材料的导热系数非常低,大多介于0.1～0.4 W·m-1·K-1之间。此外,相变材料流动性大,因此需采用导热性能好、具有稳定结构的基体支撑有机相变材料,改善其应用性能。一些天然矿物具有适当的比热与导热系数、多孔道的微结构以及天然的热稳定性与化学兼容性等矿物特性,被用于支撑相变材料制备太阳能储热材料。探讨了矿物的结构特性与性能优势,总结了石墨、珍珠岩、蛭石、硅藻土、埃洛石以及石膏等矿物基太阳能储热材料的制备研究。在此基础上介绍了矿物基太阳能储热材料在太阳能建筑节能、太阳能热水器、太阳能热发电等太阳能光热领域中的应用,并展望了矿物基太阳能储热材料的发展趋势和应用前景。

The phase change materials （PCM） have been widely used in the fields of solar thermal technology due to their privileged latent heat. But the thermal conductivities of PCM are low and ranged of 0. 1 - 0.4 W · m ^-1 · K^-1, also the PCM are form unstable. So the host materials with the high thermal conductivity and form-stable are needed to support the PCM and enhanced their application performance. Some natural Mineral materials were selected as supports of phase change materials for solar thermal energy storage materials （ STESM ） due to their mineral characters ： suitab｜e specific heat and thermal conductivity, porous microstructure, natural thermal stability and chemical compatibility. This paper discus- ses the structural characters and performance advantages of the minerals, and reviews recent advances in the preparation of mineral-based STESM which from graphite, perlite, vermiculite, diatomite, halloysite and gypsum. And their applications in the fields of solar thermal are introduced： energy conservation in building, solar water heater and concentrating solar power; also the research direction and the future development tendency were pointed out.