风险预防原则在遗传资源保护领域的适用分析

Analysis on Application of Risk Precautionary Principle in Protection of Genetic Resources

在遗传资源领域,各种现代生物技术的发明应用,已经导致生物安全问题日益突出。现代生物技术,尤其是转基因技术,可能对人类健康、生态系统、生物多样性等产生严重不利影响。生物技术可能引发的环境风险的严重性,表现在其具有潜在性与不可逆转性、不可预测与不可控制性、集体性与蔓延性等特征上。因为生物基因技术的新颖性、本身不确定性以及生物技术与环境风险之间的因果关系不确定,可能导致不可预测的环境风险,所以对生物技术的环保层面限制和对知识产权的环保层面限制都应适用风险预防原则。

In the field of genetic resources, invention and application of all kinds of modem biotechnology has aroused an increasingly outstanding biosafety problem. Modem biotechnology, especially transgenic technology, might have serious negative effects on many aspects, including human health, ecosystem, and biodiversity. Serious environmental risks caused by biotechnology contain features like potentiality and irreversibility, unpredictability and uncontrollability, and collectivity, and spreading. Because unpredictable environmental risks could be aroused by novelty and uncertainty of gene biotechnology and uncertain relationships between biotechnology and environmental risks, precautionary principle should be applied in restrictions of both biotechnology and intellectual property rights on environmental protection level.