大型商业建筑人员整体疏散与层次疏散效率对比模拟研究

Simulation on human evacuation efficiency of two different strategies in large commercial constructions

大型商业建筑人员密度高,疏散环境复杂,火灾条件下人员疏散困难,疏散过程中易发生楼梯口拥堵,而造成疏散效率降低。本文针对大型商业建筑人员逃生疏散过程中大部分时间被耗用在聚集楼梯口等待这一实际问题,应用Building EXDOUS安全疏散软件对某购物广场进行数值模拟分析,通过对比整体疏散和层次疏散两种疏散方式,发现层次疏散较之整体疏散时间大为缩短,人员在楼梯口等待时间显著降低,疏散效率明显提高,进而完善了大型商业性建筑内疏散策略。

This article focus on the practical problem that most of the time has been wasted on waiting and gathering around the stairs during the process of human evacuation in case of a fire. Two different evacuation strategies, floor- floor-separate-evacuation and whole-building-evacuation, were compared through a case study on a shopping plaza by using software Building EXDOUS. It is found that evacuation time through the strategy of each floor is much shorter, as the waiting time at the stairs is reduced significantly than that through the strategy of whole building e- vacuation. The evacuation strategy in large commercial buildings is improved.