词汇语义研究中的范畴观

Views on Category in Lexical Semantics

范畴,原本是一个表示类别、种类的哲学术语,但也常用于语言学领域,如词类范畴、语义范畴、语法范畴等。词汇语义研究中的范畴观的核心是词义范畴,词义范畴跟义类、语义格本质不同但有一定关联;词义范畴包括层级不同的各种类型;词义范畴一般表现在义位搭配中,通常可以从词典释义中观察到;搭配的选择性表明词义范畴存在类型对立,"人"和"动物"范畴的对立在语言中是典型而普遍的范畴对立。

The philosophical term category is often used in linguistics, for example word class category, semantic category, and grammatical category. In lexical semantics, lexieal category is the core; it is related to though different from semantic category and case in nature; it covers various types at different levels; it is usua- lly shown in collocation and can be observed in dictionary definition. Different collocations indicate the exis- tence of category opposition, and the opposition between man and animal is typical and universal in language.