大曲制曲过程中挥发性组分变化规律的研究

Study on the Change Rules of Volatile Components in Daqu-making Process

考察了不同萃取方式对顶空固相微萃取-气质联用(HS-SPME/GC-MS)技术萃取效果的影响,并剖析2种不同类型大曲挥发性组分的特点。结果表明,直接萃取的效果较好;高温大曲(叙府大曲)与2种中高温大曲(泸州老窖大曲、丰谷大曲)分别含26种、12种和21种挥发性组分,主要包括酯类、芳香族类、杂环及其他等4类。不同类型的大曲不仅所检出组分数量差异较大,且含量亦有区别。在不同种类大曲的制曲过程中,多数酯类的相对含量逐渐减少,芳香族亦呈类似的变化规律,多数的杂环化合物也仅是中间代谢物。丁子香烯则是大曲中后期合成的主要产物之一。

The effects of different extraction methods on the extraction efficiency of HS-SPME/GC-MS were investigated, and the characteristics of volatile components for two kinds of Daqu of different types were analyzed. The results showed that direct extraction of Daqu samples exhib- ited the highest extraction efficiency, and a total of 26, 12 and 21 volatile components including esters, aromas, heterocyclic and others com- pounds, respectively, were identified in high-temperature Daqu （Xufu Daqu） and other two middle-high-temperature Daqu （Luzhou Laojiao Daqu and Feng＇gu Daqu）. There was significant difference in number and content of volatile components in Daqu of different types. The relative content of most esters and aromatic compounds decreased during Daqu-making, and most of heterocyclie components detected were only intermediate metabolites. Caryophyllene was one of the main metabolites in the late stage of Daau-makin.Abstract：The effects of different extraction methods on the extraction efficiency of HS-SPME/GC-MS were investigated, and the characteristics of volatile components for two kinds of Daqu of different types were analyzed. The results showed that direct extraction of Daqu samples exhib- ited the highest extraction efficiency, and a total of 26, 12 and 21 volatile components including esters, aromas, heterocyclic and others com- pounds, respectively, were identified in high-temperature Daqu （Xufu Daqu） and other two middle-high-temperature Daqu （Luzhou Laojiao Daqu and Feng＇gu Daqu）. There was significant difference in number and content of volatile components in Daqu of different types. The relative con- tent of most esters and aromatic compounds decreased during Daqu-making, and most of heterocyclic components detected were only intermediate metabolites. Caryophyllene was one of the main metabolites in the late stage of Daqu-making.