也论汉语被动式被动义的标现梯度——从历时发展的视角

The passivity Scalar Strength of the Passive Constructions in Chinese Revisited:A Diachronic Evolution Perspective

文章从屈哨兵(2008)的被标的被动义标现梯度序列出发,较为深入的讨论了汉语被标的多样性,标记的多角度性,某些被标的可省性,并从被标的历时发展中发现,汉语的被标历来就有既标记施事、又标记动词,以及同时标记施事和动词的特点。汉语特定被标的被动义标现梯度差别不大,汉语被动式的被动义标现梯度应该遵循下面的系列:施事被标记的被动式>动词被标记的被动式>无标记被动式。

This article, taking as the point of departure the passivity scalar strength discussed in Qu Shaobing＇s book, has a detailed discussion of the variety of passive markers, the various perspectives marked by passive markers and the elliptical property of some passive markers. An examination of the diachronic evolution of the passive markers reveals that the passive markers in Chinese have the tradition of marking agent, marking verb and simultaneous marking agents and verbs. There is no much difference in the strength of marking passivity among the realis-type passive markers. The various passive constructions in Chinese have the following scalar strength hierarchy in passivity marking： agent-marked passive construction 〉 verb-marked passive construction 〉 unmarked passive construction