反义合成词“早晚”的语法化及其认知分析

A Cognitive Approach to the Grammaticalization of the Antonymic Compound "Zaowan"

现代汉语中,"早晚"是由表反义关系的名词"早"和"晚"的结合而固化成词。从语法功能看,"早晚"具有名词性和副词性,存在着一个由实到虚的连续统,为语法化的引申。本文重点讨论"早晚"在共时层面的语义分化特点,并解释其各个意义之间的内在联系,揭示其演变的内在动因和认知规律。通过语言事实的分析,指出重新分析为其语法化机制,隐喻与转喻及认知经验是其演变的认知规律。

＂Zaowan＂ is composed of an antonymic pair ＂zao＂ and ＂wan＂ in Chinese. Grammatically, ＂zaow- an＂ can function as a noun and an adverb, being a notional - functional continuum as a result of the extension of grammaticalization. From a synchronic perspective, this paper focuses on the semantic changes of ＂zaowan＂ in its grammaticalization and the cognitive mechanism and motivation behind that. With a corpus analysis of ＂zaowan＂, the conclusion is reached that reanalysis as the mechanism contributes to its grammaticalization, and metaphor, metonymy and cognitive experience lead to its semantic changes.