卢梭“公意”说对近代中国的影响

The Influence of Rousseaus Idea of “General Will” on Modern China

中国近代思想界在解读卢梭的“公意”说时 ,将公意 (着眼于公意的个人意志的总和 )等同于国家利益 ,使以国家利益为本位 ,以公意为依归的观念影响很深 ,在大多数人眼里 ,个人主义与自私自利和二为一 ,与国家利益绝对对立 ,即使是宣称个人主义者的学者也将其定位在“独立思想”范围内 ,而忽视个人在其它方面的自由 。

When Chinese modern intellectuals explained Rousseaus idea of “general will”, they took the “general will” as interest of the state. So it was very popular to take the interest of the state and the “general will” as the founder. To most of them, individualism is equal to selfish, which conflicts absolutely with the interest of the state. Even the scholars who clamed themselves individualists, limited the individualism in the scope of “thinking independently”. They paid less attention to the freedom of other area. So the fall of independent individual came to the end .