气体钻井井下燃爆分析

Analysis of Downhole Explosion in Gas Drilling

与常规钻井相比,气体钻井在提高机械钻速、发现和保护油气藏等方面优势明显,由于负压钻进时,地层流体极易进入井筒,地层产出的可燃气体和氧气混合后具有燃烧、爆炸的潜在危险,容易发生严重的灾害性事故,在气体钻井应用中往往需要充分预测和评估钻遇气层的危险程度并提前采取应对措施。结合气体钻井实际施工情况,简要介绍了气体钻井过程中井下燃爆方面的研究进展,分析了气体钻井过程中可燃气体发生燃爆的条件。并从混合可燃气体组成、温度、压力,以及惰性气体含量等几个方面,展开论述了爆炸极限的主要影响因素。依据经验公式计算了某井气体钻井过程中可燃气体爆炸极限的变化情况,得出可燃气体下限值随井深增加略有减小,可燃气体上限值随井深增加明显增大的结论。结合该井实际施工情况,验证了计算的可靠性,可以看出氮气钻井过程中的氧含量安全范围很窄(2.43%～4.20%)。

Owing to the advantages such as improving ROP,discovering and protecting reservoir,gas drilling is widely used in drilling industry.However downhole explosion in gas drilling process is high likely to occur when the gas entering the wellbore in underbalanced condition.This paper introducs the research process in downhole explosion and analyzs the reason for explosion and presents the influence factors such as mixed combustible gas component,temperature,pressure and inert gas content in the examples of gas drilling.We also discuss how to avoid explosion by means of restricting the range of oxygen contents.Nitrogen injection drilling is recommended at the end.