抗战前国民政府的矿业政策与绩效评估

The National Government's Mining Policies and Performance Evaluation before the Anti-Japanese War

战前国民政府的矿业政策以《矿业法》为核心,明确了国家在矿产勘探开发、矿权设定诸方面的权限,在某种程度上改变了外资任意侵占中国矿权的格局;面对各省土窑泛滥、矿业纠纷迭起、矿产无序开采且地方政府执行不力的局面,国民政府强化了国家对矿业的干预,将各矿置于政府的监督取缔之下。在战争阴云的笼罩下,国民政府的矿业政策体现出针对性、应急性和灵活性的特点。主要矿产由国家统制,有其特殊背景,是国民政府经济备战的重中之重。但也要看到,矿产统制对民营矿业来说无疑是一限制和打击,妨碍了民间投资办矿的热情,损害了部分矿商、矿工的权利,从而使国民政府矿业政策的绩效大打折扣。

Before Anti-Japanese war, the National Government＇s mining policies made it clear that government＇s rights on mineral exploration. It had changed the pattern of foreign capital forcibly occupying Chinese mining right. Also the National Government had strengthened the national intervention on mining, putting all mining under the government＇s supervision. In the shadow of the Anti-Japanese war, the National Government＇s mining pohcies embodied out the characteristics of the pertinence, emergency and flexibility.But it should be noted that, the mineral restrictions was undoubtedly a hmit and a combat on the private mining, it made be greatly reduced on the performance of the National Government mining policy.