“贫困陷阱”与新中国农地制度变革研究

“Poverty Trap” and Research of Farmland System Reform in New China

中国在古代是世界历史上农地产权市场最完善的国家,但是,土地这种生产资料的私有化、商品化和流转的高度市场化却在新中国初期经过土地改革、农业合作化和人民公社化等一系列急剧的制度变迁中嘎然而止,彻底转变为集体所有制。究其原因,与近代以来农业危机和中国的贫困,新中国成立后因国防安全需要而选择的优先发展重工业战略,进而实现的农业合作化关系密切。

Ancient China boasted the best farmland property market in the world. However, in the beginning of new China, farmland system changed from privatized, commoditized and market-oriented farmland system to collec- tive ownership farmland system after a series of dramatic system reform such as farmland reform, agricultural coopera- tion and people＇ s community. The reason lies in agricultural crisis, China＇ s poverty, the strategy of put priori to heavy industry for the sake of national security and agricultural cooperation.