2010年大理州中小学生营养状况分析

Analysis on the Nutritional Status of the Primary and Secondary School Students,Dali Prefecture,2010

[目的]了解大理州中小学生营养状况,为进一步开展学生营养工作提供科学依据。[方法]按照《全国学生体质健康调研工作手册》的规定,测量身高、体重,采用1985年WHO推荐的"身高标准体重法",2010年11月对大理州7～18岁白族、汉族学生按比例抽样进行营养状况评价。[结果]调查2 623人,营养不良163人,营养不良率为6.21%。营养不良率女生白族以17岁为高发,男生各年龄组间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),超重率的高发年龄白族、汉族女生均是13岁,肥胖率的高发年龄白族女生是13岁,汉族女生各年龄组差异无统计学意义,白族、汉族男生超重、肥胖各年龄组间差异均无统计学意义。营养不良率白族、汉族均是女生高于男生(P<0.05);汉族超重、肥胖率均是男生高于女生(P<0.01);汉族男生的肥胖率高于白族男生。营养不良、超重、肥胖率均是城市高于乡村(P<0.05)。不同组别营养不良率均以轻度为主。[结论]大理州中小学生营养状况不容忽视,今后的学生营养工作应做到防治营养不良和超重、肥胖并举,采取必要措施,使学生能得到平衡膳食与合理营养,全面推行以学校为中心的全民营养保健教育。

[Objective]To evaluate the nutritional status of the primary and secondary school students in Dali prefec- ture,so as to provide scientific foundation for further development of the nutritional work for students. [Methods] The height and weight of the students were measured according to the instruction of the national physical fitness of students health research manual. The method of height standard body weighf recommended by WHO in 1985 was used to determine the nutritional status of the adolescents of the Bai ethnic or Han ethnic aged 7-18 in November,2010. [Results]Among 2 623 surveyed, 163 were malnutrition,with a malnutrition rate of 6.21%. The peak age of malnutrition was 17 years old in the Bai ethnic females（ P〉0.05）. Whereas there was no statistical difference in the ratio of malnutrition among various age in males. The peak age correlated to overweight and obesity both were 13 years old for the Bai ethnic or Han ethnic girls. Obesity rate of the high incidence of age in Bai girls were 13 years old, no significant difference among various age in Han girls of all age. Overweight, obesity rates in Bai,Han boys of all ages showed no significant difference. The ratio of malnutrition of females was higher than males of both Han and Bai ethnic（ P 〈50.05）. The ratio of overweight and obesity of males was higher than females in Han ethnic（ P 〈0.01）. Compared with Bai boys, the ratio of obesity in Han in- creased. The ratio of malnutrition,overweight and obesity were higher in urban areas than rural areas（ P 〈0.05）. The ra- tio of malnutrition was mild among different groups. [Conclusion]The nutritional status of the primary and secondary school students cannot he ignored in Dali prefecture. The measures of nutrition should be adopted to prevent and cure mal- nutrition,overweight and obesity in the future. The necessary measures must be employed to guarantee the balanced diet and rational nutrition for the students. And the education of the nutrition and health care for all focused on the school must be carried out.