江苏沿海滩涂盐碱地植棉高产品种产量及形成特征分析

Analysis of Yield and Yield Formation Features of High-yielding Cotton Cultivars Planted in Coastal Saline-alkali Soil in Jiangsu Province

在盐胁迫环境中进行棉花品种比较试验,研究适宜江苏滨海盐土种植的高产优质棉花品种的产量及其形成特征。结果表明,盐碱地植棉产量主要是单位面积总铃数决定的,盐碱地高产品种的产量结构特点是结铃器官成铃效率高。干物质积累量大(尤其是营养器官干物质积累量大)对提高果枝和果节的结铃效率具有显著的促进作用,干物质积累高峰期内干物质增长速率高是保证较高干物质积累量的关键,具有明显的生育和结铃高峰是盐碱地高产棉花品种的显著特征。因此适宜江苏沿海滩涂盐碱地种植的优良品种应该具备三个特点:一是常规棉品种,二是出苗期成苗较好,三是具有突出的生长发育和成铃高峰期。

The two- year comparative tests for the high -yielding cotton varieties were carried out in salt stress environments, and their yield and yield formation features in the coastal saline - alkali soil in Jiangsu province were studied. The results showed that the cotton yield in saline - alkali soil was decided mainly by the total bolls per unit area, and high boll - forming efficiency of boll - setting organs was the most outstanding feature of high - yielding cotton cultivars in saline - alkali soil. The high dry matter accumula- tion of cotton plants （especially the vegetative organ） had obviously promotive effects on the increase in the ball -setting efficiency of fruit branches and knots. The high augment rate of dry matter of cotton plants at the peak stage of dry matter accumulation was the key to get higher dry matter accumulation of cotton plants. The distinct growth peak and boll - setting peak were the obvious features of high - yielding cotton cultivars planted in the coastal saline - alkali soil. So the good cotton cuhivars which were suitable for the coastal saline - alkali soil in Jiangsu province should possess the following three features ： conventional cotton variety, good seedling - forming at emergence stage, outstanding growth peak and boll -setting peak.