3Landrigan C P , Rothschild J M , Cronin J W, et al . Effect of Reducing Interns ,Work Hours on Serious Medical Errors in Inten- sive Care Units[J ] . New England J Med, 2004, 51:1838 - 1848.
5Cullen D J,Civetta J M, Briggs B A,et al. Therapeutic Interven- tion Scoring System: A method for Quantitative Comparison of Pa- tient Care[J]. Crit Care Med ,1974 ,2 :57 - 60.
6Keene A R, Cullen D J. Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System: update 1983[J]. Crit CareMed,1983,11:1-3.