利用环境减灾卫星遥感监测冰雹灾害初探

Survey of monitoring hail disaster using HJ-1A/B moonlet

【目的】寻求一个高效、准确的冰雹灾害遥感监测方法,为黑龙江省开展生态灾害的卫星遥感监测提供技术参考。【方法】针对2011-08-18黑龙江省木兰县一次冰雹灾害的个例,结合天气实况和雷达资料,利用从环境减灾卫星获得的遥感数据(2009-2011年),分析了冰雹灾害前后归一化植被指数(NDVI)的变化,对遭受冰雹灾害区域进行了遥感监测,并对监测结果进行了检验。【结果】植物遭受冰雹灾害后的一段时间内,NDVI出现异常下降的现象,与未遭受冰雹灾害的区域差别明显,说明利用NDVI来判别遭受冰雹灾害的区域是可行的。遥感监测结果显示,此次遭受冰雹灾害的区域为木兰县西南部(东经127°38′～127°55′,北纬45°55′～46°06′),受灾总面积为82.17km2。监测结果表明,遥感监测冰雹灾害的准确率平均可达86.67%。【结论】利用环境减灾卫星对冰雹灾害进行遥感监测和灾害等级评估是可行的。

【Objective】 This paper seeks an efficient and accurate method to monitor hail disaster by remote sensing,which would provide some technical reference for monitoring ecological disasters in Heilongjiang Province.【Method】 The change of normalized difference vegetation index（NDVI） before and after the hail disaster occurred in Mulan County on August 18,2011 was analyzed based on data of HJ-1A/1B moonlet（2009-2011）,weather process and radar.The disaster region was monitored by remote sensing and the results were tested.【Result】 The results showed that the NDVI would decrease abnormally in a period after the disaster,significantly different from that of the unaffected region,which meant that it was feasible to divide the disaster region by using NDVI.This disaster occurred in the southwest of Mulan County（45°55′N-46°06′N,127°38′E-127°55′E）.The disaster area was 82.17 km2 and the monitoring accuracy was 86.67%.【Conclusion】 The approach using datum of HJ-1A/1B moonlet for monitoring and evaluating hail disaster grade was feasible.