大禹、会稽与夏文化

Da Yu Kuai Ji and Xia Culture

在许多古籍与传说遗迹中 ,夏王朝的开国元勋大禹与会稽关系甚为密切 ,会稽地区应是夏文化的萌生崛起之地。但会稽究竟在何方 ?经仔细考辨 ,笔者认为会稽在浙江最为可信。禹的父亲鲧被杀的原因 ,过去一直认为是他采用了堙的治水方法而导致治水失败 ,其实并非如此 ,鲧被杀的真相是鲧在与尧、舜的斗争中失败了。大禹最大的功绩是治平水土、创立夏王朝。但从总体上看 ,鲧、禹治水是一个神话传说 ,其实质是卷转虫海侵淹没东部沿海平原 ,然后随着海退的过程和越人对自然环境的改造而使平原再度露出水面这一自然——人文过程在越族人民头脑中的曲折反映。

Among numerous ancient books and legends,Da Yu,the first king of the Xia Dynasty,was closely associated with the area Kuai Ji which was supposed to be the birthplace of Xia Cuture.There are various contentions about the whereabouts of Kuai Ji.After serious consideration the author of this article believes that it is most probably located in Zhejiang Province.In the past Gun,the father of Yu,was believed to be killed on account of his failure of trying to tame the floods by means of building earth banks.In fact,the cause of Gun′s death was that he failed in his political struggle with Yao and Shun.The greatest merit of Da Yu is taming the floods and establishing the Xia Dynasty,considerd on the whole,dealing with the big floods by Yu and Gun is only a mythology.