不同氮磷钾配施对棉花干物质积累、养分吸收及产量的影响

Effects of Different Fertilizations on Cotton Dry Matter Accumulation,Nutrients Uptake and Yield

研究不同氮磷钾配施下棉花干物质积累与养分吸收分配的特点,为结合棉花生育特性制定高产施肥措施提供理论依据。不同施肥处理在整个生育期内植株干物质积累量较对照高9.68%～119.70%,氮、磷、钾吸收量分别较对照高12.52%～231.80%、14.92%～170.15%和13.00%～263.10%;各施肥处理籽棉和皮棉产量分别较对照提高9.42%～81.71%和15.51%～136.96%。不同处理干物质积累和养分吸收量均大于对照,且差异显著(P<0.05),干物质积累以N3P2(N 360kg.hm-2,P2O5135kg.hm-2)处理最高,氮、磷素吸收以N3P2处理最高,钾素吸收以N2P2K2(300kg.hm-2,P2O5135kg.hm-2,K2O 75kg.hm-2)处理最高,籽棉和皮棉产量以N3P2处理最高。N3P2处理在生育期内干物质总积累为23 218.00kg.hm-2,氮总吸收量为548.11 kg.hm-2,磷(P2O5)总吸收量为183.62 kg.hm-2,钾(K2O)总吸收量为668.98kg.hm-2。籽棉产量为5 627.00kg.hm-2,皮棉产量为2 622.33kg.hm-2。每生产100kg皮棉,适宜氮磷钾的养分吸收量分别为N 2.21kg、P2O50.91kg和K2O 1.41kg,植株吸收养分适宜比例[m(N)∶m(P2O5)∶m(K2O)]为2.42∶1.00∶1.55。

Abstract： In order to offer theoretic basis for the fertilization techniques of high-yielding cotton culti- vation in northwest regions of China, a field experiment was conducted to investigate the feature on both dry-matter accumulation and absorption and distribution of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium for cotton crop in 2011 year. The contents of dry-matter accumulation in the whole developing stage of cotton under different fertilization treatments increased by 9. 68%-119. 70% compared with CK, meanwhile,absorptive amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus and potassium within cotton plants received different rates of fertilizer application also increased about 12.52%-231. 8%, 14.92%-170.15% and 13.00%-263.10% ,respectively. Furthermore,the unginned and lint yields of cottons received different rates of fertilizer application increased about 9. 42%- 81. 71% and 15.51%-136.96% compared with CK, respectively. Significant differences in dry-matter accumulation contents and absorptive amounts of nutrients in cotton plants between CK and fertilization treatments were observed in field experiment, the dry-matter accumulation content and absorptive amounts of nitrogen and phosphorus and yields under N3P2 treatment whieh the plots were received 360 kg N and 135 kg P205 per hectare was the highest,however,there was the highest absorptive amount of potassium in N2P2K2 treatment which the plots were received 300 kg N and 135 kg P2O5 and 75 kg K2O per hectare,respectively. Total accumulation amounts of dry-matter and nitrogen and phosphorus and potassium within the whole cotton plants under N3P2 treatment were 23 218.00 kg and 548.11 kg and 183.62 kg and 668.98 kg per hectare,respectively. The unginned and lint yields of cottons under N3P2 treatment were 5 627.00 kg and 2 622.33 kg per hectare,respectively. Quantity of N,P2O5 and K20 needed for producing 100 kg of lint cottons were 2.21 kg,0.91 kg and 1.41 kg in above cultivar,respectively. The suitable ratio of N and P2O5 and K20 for cotton plants in northwest regions of China was 2.42：1.00：1.55.