常用字中成词语素分类标准研究

On the Standards of the Classification of Idiomatic Morphemes

当成词语素有多个义项时 ,有时是词 ,可按照句法功能标准定性 ,语素的类别可参照词的类别 ;但当语素只是合成词中的构成成分时 ,它的类别只能是义类。分析常用字中的 2 0 85个成词语素 ,可得出结论 :句法结构中的类与词结构中的类一致的约占 4 9.2 % ,不一致的约占 50 .8% ,参照句法功能标准给语素分类是无法贯彻始终的 。

When it has more than one sense,an idiomatic morpheme can be classified according to the standards of syntactic functions and the classification of words.When it is a part of a compound word, it can only be classified according to its meaning.2085 idiomatic morphemes have been examined and a conclusion has been drawn that 49.2% of them do not show any difference when classified in two different ways while 50.8% do. Apparently,morphemes cannot always be classified with the standards of syntactic functions,and the classfication can only be that of meaning.