《说文解字》多义字探析

Research on Polysemic Characters in Explanation and Study of Principles of Composition of Characters

单释字的本义是许慎《说文解字》的通例 ,然而在大徐本中有 72 5例属例外 ,或释作五义 ,或释作四义 ,或释作三义、二义。本文详加分类考证 :有的是二义相同而并举 ,有的是把引申义一起列入 ,有的是把假借义与本义共存等等。产生这种变例现象的原因有二 :一是“后人”“浅人”所增改 ;一是许氏说解时拿捏不准 。

The entries interpreted in Explanation and study of Principles of Composition of Characters(by Xu Shen) are monosemic characters with their original meanings. However, 657 exceptions are found as polysemic characters in that of Da Xu edition, some with five, some with four, three or two meanings. After detailed textual research in various classes in this paper, the author has proved that multi explanations generally resulted from similar meanings coexisting, extending meaning or semantic loan addition. The major causes of this abnormal variety can be summed up as the following: first, extra meanings more than the original one have been added or corrected by the successive scholars, or the second, interpreted with different opinions for uncertain assurance by the origional author.