美国贸易保护主义的新特点:汇率问题贸易化——以美国2011《货币汇率监督改革法案》为视角

The New Characteristic of the U.S.Trade Protectionism: Taking Issue of Currency as Means of Trade:From the Angle of American Currency Exchange Rate Oversight Reform Act of 2011

美国参议院2011年10月通过《货币汇率监督改革法案》(以下称"S.1619法案"),法案的最大特点是将汇率问题贸易化,试图通过修改国内立法采取反补贴的贸易措施对中国输美产品征税。法案规定的根本性低估货币行为是否构成《SCM协定》中的出口补贴,是中美争论的核心所在。根据WTO的相关规定和案例,美国将汇率问题贸易化的做法,与WTO倡导的公平贸易原则背道而驰,不但达不到平衡中美贸易的目的,反而可能引致国际贸易争端,构成新的贸易壁垒。文章对此分析,并提出我国应对策略。

In October 2011, Currency Exchange Rate Oversight Reform Act was passed by the United States Senate. The most striking feature of the bill is taking issue of currency as means of trade and the U. S. will regulate it via countervailing duty. The paper focuses on Chinese government＇s viewpoint, that is, the U.S. considers the use of undervalued currency as a kind of subsidy on export, which does not apply to The SCM Agreement. According to the relevant provisions of the WTO and cases, the United States taking issue of currency as means of trade contrary to fair trade principles advocated by the WTO can not only achieve the pur- pose of Sino-US trade balance, but could lead to an international trade disputes and construction of new trade barriers. The article also analyzes S. 1619 act and gives some countermeasures.